Ulaanbaatar is the largest and capital city of Mongolia. It is located on more than 470 thousand hectares on the bank of Tuul River surrounded by Bogd Khan, Songinokhairkhan, Chingeltei and Bayanzurkh mountains.

Mongolia’s capital city Ulaanbaatar originated in 1639 originally located in the site named Shireet nuur in Burd soum of present day Ovorkhangai aimag as a permanent residence or palace for Bogdo Gegeen Zanabazar, high priest of the Tibetan Buddhist religion in Mongolia. That palace or Örgöö is considered laying the foundation of Mongolian capital city Ulaanbaatar. In the years between 1640 and 1778 Örgöö city expanded, was renamed Ikh Khuree and Niislel Khuree and changed its location several times. In 1924 the capital city of Mongolia was legalized as the city of Ulaanbaatar.

Today, administratively Ulaanbaatar city has 9 districts and 117 khoroos. Ulaanbaatar has the population of 1,5 million. With the young people under the age of 30 comprising more than 60% of the population Ulaanbaatar is called the city of youth. 

Precipitation is sparse in Mongolia, averaging 242.7 mm for the entire year at Ulaanbaatar. The average wind speed is 12 m per second and average temperature in winter is -35oC in winter and the summer extreme is +33°C in the capital Ulaanbaatar.
 
Towns and settlements comprise some 5% of Ulaanbaatar city’s territory, 22% are woods, more than 70% are the land for agriculture and the rest are the lands including roads, engineering network and water reservoirs. Apartment houses with 1.5 million square meters floor space lie on about 6000 hectares and more than half of the city’s population live in ger peri urban districts occupying more than 10000 hectares.

Ulaanbaatar has 418 km roads in and out of the city connecting it to other cities, aimags and remote districts. 297 km of the roads are hard covered.

Ulaanbaatar city has more than 180 general education schools with 185.6 thousand pupils, 152 universities and institutes with more than 98.4 thousand students, some 181 kindergartens with more than 33.4 thousand children.   

Ulaanbaatar city is a home for the world’s oldest nature reserve the Bogd Khan Mountain where there are registered 52 kinds of mammals, 4 kinds of creepers, 3 types of amphibians, 7 species of fish, 127 species of birds and more than 1000 different kinds of  insects. 

There are registered 1169 species of plants belonging to 580 types of 85 families and 12 species are very rare and 11 are rare plants.